Cooperage

the art of making ve els of pieces of wood bound together by hoops. It is a very ancient art,. such ve els having been in use among the Romans at the period of the Christian era. Coéper at i on, in modern parlance the a ociation of people for the accomplishment of any desired end, especially the a ociation of working 4 ple for the management of their industrial interests in store, workshop, or other undertaking, and the equitable distribution of profits. The advantages of cod per at i on consist in the lower prices paid for the ordinary articles of life and of manufacture, the common use of capital, machines, buildings, water power, and in common production. In the United States cod per at i on has made comparatively slow progre . In 1886 codperative busine in New England include creameries, banks, and building a ociations. A codperative coopering a ociation was established in Minneapolis in 1874. In 1882 the students of Harvard University formed a society for supplying themselves with books, stationery, and other articles. It has been a great succe and has been imitated at Yale and other colons. At_the congre : held Aug. 26, 1898, at Karlsruhe, the number of societies reported was 11,854, including 8,451 codperative banks, 716 codperative dairies, aa 647 other societies. These have since been considerably increased So far as it has gone the movement has been a real and effectual training for the intelligence, busine capacity, and moral character of the workmen.