Baden

a small town in the canton of Aargau, 14 miles N.W. of Zurich. It has been since Roman times (Tac. H. J. 67) for its hot springs, still much frequented. Another the cla ical Aqua Cetie, is 12 miles S. of at the entrance of the Hetmenthal. Baden, THE GRAND Ducay orf, a state in the of Germany, between Bavaria and He e on the N. and Switzerland on the 8, 323 Physically with champaign Rhine the portion of 4,780 feet with clothe valuable from water-power. but worked earth, quantities. and not fabrics, increasing Heidelberg European the century territory, dukes Luneville secured, Baden Rhine, acce ions re-entered extended. tion and These sovereign and Pru ian to The though distinguish Grand springs called 18 Strasburg, Black enhanced tastefully constructed. thither but attractions most are church, ane lying Baden-Baden. ( 295) it is mountainous and woody, though plenty of fertile valleys and wider stretches of towards the E. From the bend of the and Lake Con stance to the Neckar extends Schwarzwald, or Black Forest, of which the 8. of the river Kinzig has a mean elevation 3,100 ft., the Feldberg, the highest peak, bein ft., whilst the N. half averages a thous an le . Beyond the Neckar lies the Odenwald a height of 1,440 ft. Woods chiefly of pine these hillsides from top to bottom, and are a source of revenue. Many streams pour them to the Rhine and Neckar, supplying The mineral resources are various not abundant, though iron, lead, and zinc are with profit. Gypsum, china-clay, potter's peat, and salt, are found in considerable Mineral springs exist in many places are much esteemed. The manufactures are extensive, but are being developed. Cotton jewellery, and wood carving employ an number of hands. The two universities, and Freiburg (Roman Catholic), enjoy celebrity, The State owes its origin to House of Zihringen—a petty fief in the eleventh that gradually absorbed neighbouring and by the judicious policy of succe ive became a small power. By the treaties of (1801) and Pre burg (1805) additions were and on the downfall of the empire in 1806 joined Napoleon’s Confederation of the the ruler becoming a Grand Duke with fresh of land. After 1815 Baden dexterously the comity of nations, and was further The Grand Dukes conceded a constituwith two chambers, one elective, the other not, with certain checks on arbitrary government. reforms did not prevent the expulsion of the by Brent a no in 1848, but Pru ia interfered he was restored. In 1866 Baden joined the Antiparty, but offered no strenuous resistance incorporation with the German Empire in 1870. form of a separate government is still preserved, independence is virtually extinct.